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Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), involved property disputes between the state of Georgia and two South Carolina men whose land was seized by Georgia during the American Revolution because they were loyalists (loyal to the King of England, rather than the new Republic). Following the war, the men filed a grievance with the Supreme Court, asking that their case be heard on the grounds that the federal court was empowered to intervene.
On the day of the scheduled hearing, Georgia failed to send a representative, so the Court entered a default judgment in favor of the plaintiffs. This created so much outrage among the states, who were afraid of being bankrupted by war claims, that Congress and the States enacted the Eleventh Amendment, forbidding federal courts from trying lawsuits between the citizens of one state and the government of another. (Article III, Section 2, gave the Supreme Court original jurisdiction over this type case, but the Eleventh Amendment revoked the jurisdiction. Now the Supreme Court may only hear these cases if the states or Congress deliberately waive the Amendment on an individual basis.)
Case Citation:
Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 US 419 (1793)
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What was the US Supreme Court's first major case and what Amendment reversed the justices' decision?
The US Supreme Court's first important decision, Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 US 419 (1793), was overturned by the Eleventh Amendment. In Chisholm, the Court ruled states lacked sovereign immunity from being sued for war reparations, which had the potential to cause economic disaster following the Revolutionary War.
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