Cotton.
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Cotton was the most important crop in America by 1860.
South Carolina's staple crops were rice and indigo. http://www.sparknotes.com/101/us_history_one/colonial_life/southern_colonies.html
Middle Eastern farmers were the inventors of crop rotations. They were known to practice crop rotation as early as 6000 BC.
washington changes his cash crop from tobacco to wheat in time between 1761-1775
apples