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Excellent question. My compliments to your teacher! The Framers sought to do just that - create a central government that would be strong enough to be effective, but limited in scope, and limited in its ability to trample on the rights of the people. As James Madison, the "Father of the Constitution," wrote: "In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself." For more on Madison, see: www.montpelier.org/pages/history/constitution.htm. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay wrote the Federalist Papers (85 of them), which explained to the public how the proposed Constitution would work. Federalist #51 (written by Madison) is one of the most famous, and it discusses how a system of checks and balances, and reserving most powers to the states, will limit the federal government. It's a little hard to read, but it would help answer your question. You can find it at: www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed51.htm. I'm sure if you quote a few lines from it in your paper, your teacher will be impressed! A few more thoughts... If you have time, you might also read Federalist #45. This was also written by Madison, and it talks about the relationship between the federal government and the states under the proposed Constitution. The Framers were very concerned in creating the federal government that it would not become overly powerful. After all, they had just fought an 8 1/2 year war (the American Revolution) to get rid of a central government with too much power (England). Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution lists the powers of the federal government. Anything not on the list belongs to states. Madison points to this as a protection against the tyranny of too much centralized power. To quote him in Federalist #45, "The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite." You can find Federalist #45 at www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed45.htm. You can find the Constitution at www.constitutioncenter.org. Your teacher asks, "Did they achieve their goal?" For that, check out the interpretation of the "commerce clause," which is in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. Since the 1930's, the Supreme Court has redifined the meaning of the word "commerce," expanding it dramatically, thus allowing the federal government virtually unlimited scope. More on this can be found on the www.constitutioncenter.org web site. Good luck with your paper.

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