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A dissenting opinion is written when a justice disagrees with the majority opinion (which carries the force of law). If a justice is writing a dissenting opinion, that means he or she voted with the minority group, and wants to explain the reason why he or she disagrees with the official Opinion of the Court. Dissenting opinions may be cited, but are not enforceable.
dissenting
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This excerpt is an example of a dissenting opinion. In the context of Supreme Court decisions, a dissenting opinion is written by a justice (or justices) who disagree with the majority opinion. Dissenting opinions provide an alternative viewpoint and reasoning for why the decision should have been different.
It stands for "Justices". If it's a single "J" it means it's the opinion of one Justice. If there is a list of more than one Justice followed by a comma and "JJ" it's just a shorthand way of saying "Justices". If one Justice filed a dissent to a decision it might read "Thomas, J. filed a dissenting opinion.", meaning only Clarence Thomas dissented. If it read "Thomas, Scalia, Roberts and Alito, JJ. filed a dissenting opinion." then it means the four of them filed the dissenting opinion together. That way they don't have to type "Thomas, J., Scalia, J., Roberts, J. and Alito, J. filed a dissenting opinion."