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The first European settlers in America were 39 men left behind by Columbus when one of his three ships sank off Hispaniola at the beginning of the return voyage in 1492. However, when he returned a year letter, the settlement had been burned to the ground and all the men were dead.

The Spanish founded Santo Domingo, their first permanent settlement, on the Island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean in 1496. The first permanent settlement on the mainland of South America was also Spanish, Santa Maria la Antigua del Darien in Panama, founded by Balboa in 1510.

55 years later the first European settlement in North America was founded, also by the Spanish, St. Augustine, Florida (1565). More than forty years went by after that before the English founded Jamestown, Virginia (1607), their first permanent settlement. They were followed by the French founding of Quebec in 1608 and the Dutch founding of New Amsterdam (New York City) in 1624.

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