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New Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify the US Constitution, technically establishing the Constitution as the law of the land and bringing the US into existence.
On June 21, 1788 New Hampshire ratified the Constitution. The Constitution was SIGNED on September 17, 1787.
If you have the US Constitution in mind, then the last to ratify it was New Hampshire (21st June 1788), its ratificaation made the Constitution legally effective. The ratification of nine states was required for it and New Hampshire was the ninth state. However, from the last four states that eventually signed it was Rhode Island (1790).
protect rights beyond those listed in the Constitution
no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. This is basically saying that no amendments can be made before 1888 and that any amendments made after that time cannot affect the first and fourth clauses of the ninth section in the first article of the constitution.