the one tonne challenge officially started in 2004
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one of the most biggest challengings was fighting for what they wanted.
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the powers of North America that were a challenge to the US were that we had a very small army and no navy. Another one is that we were a weak country compared to the other European countries.
The Tonnage Act of 1789 was an act that levyed a 50 cents per ton tax on foreign ships entering American ports, 30 cents per ton on American built but foreigned owned ships, and 6 cents per ton on American ships.
It means to withstand a legal challenge on Constitutional grounds. An unconstitutional law is one that will not "pass Constitutional muster," and would be overturned by the SCOTUS if challenged.