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It is not public information. From his writing he appears to be an independent.
the party has more seats
No. The speaker of the house is appointed by the majority party in the House, and has always been a member of that party. The speaker can be anyone, even if they are not a member of the House. (barring a breach of balance of powers; i.e. a Governor could not also be the speaker).
The Senate elects the pro tempore from among its membership. Not surprisingly, he is always a member of the majority party. It is has become customary to elect the party member who has the most seniority in the Senate.
To some degree they do. Party members almost always have the same views on many issues, so voters can at least infer some of the views a candidate holds. You have to be careful, though, just because someone belongs to a certain party does not necessarily mean that the person holds all of the same views as the party. You have to find out what the views of the individual candidates are regardless of the party they are in.