They considered themselves as God's representatives on Earth. As they were anointed during their coronation, they were "touched" by God and His sign could not be erased, not even when the king was deposed or murdered. They also saw themselves as absolute rulers.
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Many monarchs (Kings or Queens) obtained their power due to having the strongest supporters. Though usually there was often a line of succession, other contenders for the title often caused conflict, with the winner becoming the crowned ruler.
For quite a long while, European monarchs received approval from the Pope, and technically couldn't claim legitimacy without it.
Not really. The declaration talked about who had a right to govern. It did not dispute the need for government, but justified the right to be independent of the rule of the English king and the right of the people to choose their government. It attacked the idea that people like King George had to right to rule because of their royal birth.
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the monarchy, or rule by divine right of a king
Total rule by a king would be an absolute monarchy. In an absolute monarchy, the king or queen has all political power.
for the king to rule them