Probably the fourth Chief Justice, John Marshall, who strengthened the Supreme Court and established the Judicial branch as a co-equal branch of government, although I've never seen anyone referred to as such.
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Probably fourth Chief Justice of the United States (Supreme Court), John Marshall, who presided over the case Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803.)
The US Supreme Court is the highest court in the US. Each state has its own Supreme Court, but the US Supreme Court is the end of the line.
The US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts, which are intermediate courts of appeals (the courts between the US District Courts and the US Supreme Court) in the federal Judicial Branch. They help reduce the Supreme Court caseload by resolving appellate cases or dismissing those without merit.
The correct name is the Supreme Court of the United States, but most people refer to it as the US Supreme Court. Each state has its own Supreme Court, but the US Supreme Court is the end of the line.
US Supreme Court decisions are called "Opinions."
The US Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in the United States.