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Up to the 19th century, the British got their permission from the various maharadja's who ruled the many kingdoms of India. In the 19th century the British colonized India and after that they simply organized trade as they saw fit.
The British rule over India changed the course of history in India. The British came to India at the start of the seventeenth century. This was the time when the British East India Company was established in India to break the Dutch monopoly over spice trade. With time the East India Company increased its powers and started to administer the country. However its policies were disliked by Indians and together they revolted against the company. This led to the downfall of the company and the administration of India went directly under the Queen. In the following lines, you shall find information regarding the period when India was under British rule. Read about the British colonialism in India.
The riches of India in the 19th century was their spices.
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The end of British rule in the Indian sub continent and the emergence of India and Pakistan as independent states was the most important event in this part of the region in the 20th century.