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Short answer: General Francisco Franco, who after victory became the leader of Spain, a position he essentially occupied until his death in 1975.

Slightly longer answer:

The Spanish Civil War began on July 17, 1936, in Spanish Morocco, when a group of army officers led by Francisco Franco staged a pronunciamiento, a military coup, against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, which had been in existence for only five years. The uprising quickly spread to Spain itself. The Nationalists, as the army rebels came to be known, had the support of a large proportion of the military, the Catholic hierarchy in Spain, and the land-owning aristocracy, all of whom were angry over various progressive reforms of the Republican government. The attempted coup failed, however, and the country fell into a civil war that lasted more than two and a half years and remains the bloodiest conflict Spain has ever known.

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