William Henry Harrison Harrison served as president for 32 days. Though technically David Rice Atchison was president for a day. The Constitution says, in the absence of a president or Vice-president, the congress can name a substitute. James Polk ended his term on March 4, 1849 and his successor, Zachary Taylor, did not take the oath until March 5. The vice- president had resigned as president of the senate the previous Friday 3 March and Aitchison was elected by the senate to take his place pro tempore. As president of the senate throughout the weekend he was therefore the legal president until Taylor was sworn in.
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At only 32 days, William Henry Harrison served the shortest term as president. Harrison died at the age of 68.
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The members of the US House of Representatives are elected for 2-year terms which is the shortest term of any federal official .
The Vice President of the United States shares the President's term of office. The President is elected along with the Vice President to serve 4 years.
James A. Garfield was the twentieth president of the US, and the second shortest term president. Garfield was shot four months into his term, and died two months later.
The President must have reached the age of 35 when he takes the oath of office. His term of office is 4 years with a two term limit (based on the 22nd Amendment).