There are two main reasons for this:
1. The US uses a electoral system based on single member districts with a plurality vote. this means that in each electoral district there is only one winning candidate, and that winning candidate is the one with the highest number of votes (a plurality). This system favours large parties as they have the resources and personnel to support elections in each district and in the US generally the Democrat and Republican parties are the most well known. Smaller parties candidates may be able to win a share of the votes, but to overcome one of the larger parties in any one district is extremely difficult.
In other countries, different electoral system are sometimes used, including Proportional Representation electoral systems (PR). PR electoral system elect more than one candidate for each district - sometimes even more than one hundred! This means that even smaller parties who only get a small share of the vote can still win seats (If a small party wins 10 percent of the vote in a district of 100 members, then that party will receive 10 seats.) Different electoral systems make it easier for smaller parties to gain seats.
2. The second reason is historical development of a political system. In the US, the Republican and Democrat parties are heavily institutionalized to the extent that they are often seen as the only two options. This is supported by the electoral system, but also by the unique historical development of US politics. In other countries, different political development has resulted in more political parties!
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In the US, all political advertising must be paid for by the party or group placing it, whether in a newspaper or on radio or television. The process of funding political advertising can be different in other countries.
George Washington was strongly against America dividing into two different political parties. In his farewell address, he wanted the people of his nation to be united, and he felt that political parties would turn his nation against each other. He also warned against foreign entanglements.
this included back hand schemes which were used in the political scene (used other parties negatives to help themselves)
Political parties have unified groups of people and helped them seek and achieve common goals. They help to offer voters choices. Just as people have a favorite sports team that they tend to favor, political parties give people something to identify with. Political parties tend to control who get what, where, when, and how much. Their major purpose for existence is to get people to elect their candidates. Political parties tend to attract people based on their performances and their political platforms. What the promise and what they accomplish while being in office largely determine which coalitions will affiliate with their party in the next elections. So even though elections between political parties can be heated they have served as a way for people to identify with government and best express their individual voice.
There were many political actions that resulted from opposition to the Vietnam War. These included political protest rallies and desertion to other countries.