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Why was the decision to assign jurisdiction over controversies between citizens of different states to the Supreme Court significant?
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
The decision to assign jurisdiction to the Supreme Court for cases where the parties are in different states is something that was decided in the Judiciary Act of 1789. It is thought that this is the only way to guarantee each party that the judging would be impartial, though it does require extensive research of state laws for Federal court staff.
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
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The supreme court shall have original jurisdiction in what three areas?
The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over all actions involving foreign state parties. In addition, it has jurisdiction over all controversies between a State and the United States, and it has jurisdiction over proceedings by a State against aliens or citizens of another State.
The authority of a court to rule on certain cases?
The authority of a court to rule on certain cases is known as the jurisdiction of the court. State courts have jurisdiction over matters within that state, and different levels of courts have jurisdiction over lawsuits involving different amounts of money. Federal courts have jurisdiction over lawsuits between citizens of different states, or cases based on federal statutes.
Is it true or false that the case of Marbury v Madison gave the US Supreme Court the power of judicial review?
False, the US Constitution gives the US Supreme court power over all cases and all types of cases with very few withheld: quoting the US Constitution Article III section 1 "The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court" section 2 "The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects."
Does the Constitution give the US Supreme Court original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus?
Yes, but only in the limited class of cases for which the Constitution grants the Supreme Court original (trial) jurisdiction.Writs of mandamus (orders compelling an official or office to take - or refrain from taking - an action required by law) can only be issued under original, not appellate, jurisdiction. The Constitution defines the scope of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction to include only those people or entities listed in Article III, Section 2:Article III, Section 2Section 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.In Marbury v. Madison, (1803), Chief Justice John Marshall decided the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction did not extend US federal government officials, declaring Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and rendering it null and void.For more information on Marbury v. Madison, see Related Questions, below.
Name two provisions that the constitution makes regarding the federal courts and their jurisdictions?
Both Article III, Section 2 and Amendment XIspecify federal court jurisdiction:Article III, Section 2"The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects."Amendment XI"The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state."How Federal Jurisdiction is ExercisedAccording to Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court has original (but not necessarily exclusive) jurisdiction over the following types of cases:cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers and consulscases of admiralty and maritime jurisdictioncases where the United States is a partydisputes between two or more states (Supreme Court has original and exclusive jurisdiction)cases between a state and citizens of another state**cases between citizens of different states*cases between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants made by different states and between a state, or citizens thereof and foreign states citizens and subjects* Cases between citizens of different states may be heard either by the state courts of the person filing the case, or in federal court under "federal diversity jurisdiction."** The Eleventh Amendment revoked the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction over disputes "between a state and citizens of another state," due to the Court's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia,(1793), in which the Jay Court decided the states lacked sovereign immunity from being sued for debt acquired during the Revolutionary War. Congress and the states rightfully feared this could bankrupt the states, and quickly passed the Eleventh Amendment.The Supreme Court later decided the Eleventh Amendment should be extended to include disputes between a state and its own citizens
If a state is a party to a case the Constitution provides that original jurisdiction shall be in?
Article III, Section 2 provides that the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases affecting controversies in which a state is a party.[Bear in mind the Eleventh Amendment revoked original jurisdiction over controversies between a state and citizens of another state, granting the states sovereign immunity. The Supreme Court now exercises original jurisdiction only in cases involving a dispute between two or more states.]
The supreme court shall have original jurisdiction in what three areas?
The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over all actions involving foreign state parties. In addition, it has jurisdiction over all controversies between a State and the United States, and it has jurisdiction over proceedings by a State against aliens or citizens of another State.
Can the federal courts try cases involving disputes with foreign countries?
Yes. The federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over disputes with foreign countries, and this is one of the areas over whichthe Constitution grants the Supreme Court original (trial) jurisdiction.Article III, Section 2"The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects."
What are cases involving citizens of different states known as?
Federal cases involving citizens of different states are called "diversity" cases if that is the claimed basis for Federal court jurisdiction.
What type of jurisdiction handles cases with parties from different states?
Federal diversity jurisdiction may be invoked in a civil action between citizens of different states if the amount of the claim is in excess of $75,000.
What kinds of suits involving state citizens can federal courts hear?
Federal courts hear cases with federal jurisdiction. Such jurisdiction comes if the case hears a question of federal law or if the case has diversity jurisdiction (parties are citizens of different states and minimum dollar amount is in dispute.)
The authority of a court to rule on certain cases?
The authority of a court to rule on certain cases is known as the jurisdiction of the court. State courts have jurisdiction over matters within that state, and different levels of courts have jurisdiction over lawsuits involving different amounts of money. Federal courts have jurisdiction over lawsuits between citizens of different states, or cases based on federal statutes.
What jurisdiction do most US Supreme Court cases arise from?
The US Supreme Court exercises original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction.The Supreme Court is vested with the judicial power of the United States. Judicial power is in the form of original jurisdiction (trials) and appellate jurisdiction (appeals and reviews of trial decisions) The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors other public ministers and consuls and those in which a state shall be a party and appellate jurisdiction in all other cases. See Article III, Section 2.Article III, Section 2"The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.The Court currently only hears cases involving disputes between the States under original jurisdiction; cases involving ambassadors and other foreign officials are first heard in US District Court.The Eleventh Amendment revoked the Court's right to hear cases between a state and citizens of another state due to problems caused by the Supreme Court's early decision in disputed land grants.11th Amendment:"The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State."Federal Question JurisdictionThe Supreme Court may also hear certain cases on appeal from State courts, if they involve a preserved question of US constitutional or federal law, or issues arising under US treaties. This authority is called "federal question jurisdiction."
Where in the Constitution is the power to settle disputes between different states?
Article III, Section 2, which addresses the authority of the Judicial Branch, vests the US Supreme Court with original (trial) jurisdiction (authority) to settle disputes between the states. At present, the Court has exclusive jurisdiction (is the only federal court authorized) over such disputes.Article III, Section 2The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.
Do all federal cases begin in lower courts?
All legal cases begin in the court of original jurisdiction, or the trial court. In the federal court system, this usually means US District Court or one of the limited jurisdiction courts (e.g., US Bankruptcy Court).There is a limited class of cases for which original jurisdiction resides with the US Supreme Court. These are enumerated in Article III, Section II of the Constitution:Article III, Section 2:"The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects."The Eleventh Amendment revoked the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction over disputes "between a state and citizens of another state," due to the Court's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia, (1793), in which the Jay Court decided the states lacked sovereign immunity from being sued for debt acquired during the Revolutionary War. Congress and the states rightfully feared this could bankrupt the states, and quickly passed the Eleventh Amendment.The Supreme Court later decided the Eleventh Amendment should be extended to include disputes between a state and its own citizens.Amendment XIThe judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.
What do federal courts not have to try cases in which a state is sued by citizens of another state?
They do not have jurisdiction.
Which amendment explained what kind of cases federal courts could try?
Article III, Section 2, which precedes the constitutional amendments, talks about the jurisdiction of the federal courts (what cases they could try).Article III, Section 2The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--between citizens of different states;--between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.
