About 500 to 600 people were in a Phalanx.
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Iron weapons gave greater penetration than bronze ones. The phalanx was a tightly packed body of men who formed a mass momentum to impact into or receive impact from opposing formations. By their compactness, their shields also provided a protection from missiles.
Greek men have had many different hairstyles over the past few thousand years. You would have to be more specific about which era you're referring to.
It was a compact formation of 16 ranks, the spears of the first three ranks protruding. The rear ranks rested their spears on the shoulders of the ranks in front of them, and these plus small shields formed a defence against arrows fired at the phalanx. The phalanx was trained to wheel and reform in different directions, and was effectively a large battle tank. This worked as long as it was phalanx fighting phalanx. But the Romans had learned to fight in open formation, each warrior having fighting space, and when they ran up against the phalanx, they manoeuvred around it, attacking it from all directions at once. The phalanx ceased to be an effective formation.
well they are weakest when facing an enemy fielding lighter and more flexible troops If a Phalanx was attacked from the front, it presented a virtually impenetrable hedge of spears. The close-packed mass of men also gave a Phalanx great physical momentum in an advantage or change, allowing it to physically force opponents back. Lastly, all ranks other than the front few held their spears or sarissas upright, helping block any missile fire. Of course, these could be countered by the fact that a Phalanx was extremely vulnerable to a flanking or rear attack by a more flexible cavalry or infantry formation.
Greek men exercised in the gymnasium unclothed.