The first Greek civilization

Answer 1

The first major Greek civilization was the Cycladic civ, 3500/3000 BC. It was followed by Minoan civ, then by Mycenaean civ, the Archaic period and the classical period.

There were minor civs before that (pelasgians, proto-greeks).

Answer 2

It was based on the developing city-state - a patch of fertile farmland with water and protective mountains. A fortress (acropolis) on a hill provided refuge and protection. These fortresses grew into cities The cities provided cultural facilities and activities (religious, theatre art etc), and developed architecture.

About two thousand of these cities developed progressively around the Mediterranean and Black Seas to provide for an expanding population.