polemarchos :supreme commander
strategos or stratigos : general
taxiarhos : brigadier
syntagmatarkhis : colonel
tagmatarkhis: battalion leader
lokhagos :captain
hoplite : foot soldier (heavily armed)
cavalry:hyparchos or hipparmostes :regiment commander
hippotoxotes : horse archers
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A non-citizen who entered the Roman military was called an auxiliary, and , obviously, would join the ranks of the auxiliares.
Greek rule of hospitality
A phalanx was a military formation of packed ranks of infantry locked into formation with spears providing offensive and defensive capability, and shields providing lateral and overhead protection.
Men simply did not refuse to join the military in ancient Greece. If they did, they would likely have been put to death or exiled.
Ancient Greek rowing ships were called galleys.