Each ancient Greek city was independent, and many different cities made their distinctive contribution to Greek culture.
When we think of the Golden Age of Greece we normally mean primarily Periclean Athens.
Athens had established itself as the leader of a loose confederation of Greek states (the Delian league) which had initially banded together to protect themselves from Persian aggressions. Athens became treasurer of the League, and became rich enough to build the Parthenon and hold religious festivals at which playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides competed.
But there was an alternative nexus of power in the west Peloponnese, arranged around Sparta. The Delian League was largely sea-based and led by Athens, but an important group of cities (including Thebes) distrusted what they saw as Athenian empire-building, and formed the Peloponnesian League (under Sparta's hegemony) to oppose Athenian expansion.
The friction between Sparta and Athens eventually erupted in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) which destroyed first Athens and then Sparta as serious military powers. This in turn left the way open for the rise of Macedonia, and Alexander the great - but that would be a little later.
Alexandria
Athens
Athens
He thought of it as civilising - Greeks considered their culture and system of city-states as superior.
agora
Alexandria
Heian-Kyo
Athens ;) A+ cheaters
Athens, Greece, has been in existance since the 4th millennium BC. Its power has ebbed and waned during that time. About 300BC, it was Alexandria, located in the Nile delta of Egypt, that replaced Athens as the center of Greek culture.
Athens, Greece, has been in existance since the 4th millennium BC. Its power has ebbed and waned during that time. About 300BC, it was Alexandria, located in the Nile delta of Egypt, that replaced Athens as the center of Greek culture.
Athens, Greece, has been in existance since the 4th millennium BC. Its power has ebbed and waned during that time. About 300BC, it was Alexandria, located in the Nile delta of Egypt, that replaced Athens as the center of Greek culture.
Athens. It is still the capital today.
Athens.
Athens
Athens, Greece, has been in existance since the 4th millennium BC. Its power has ebbed and waned during that time. About 300BC, it was Alexandria, located in the Nile delta of Egypt, that replaced Athens as the center of Greek culture.
The city of Timbuktu in Mali became the center of Muslim culture in Songhai due to its famous mosques, libraries, and reputation as a center of learning and trade. It was a hub for Islamic scholarship and trade routes in West Africa.
Because of it's location, Alexandria became a prosperous trade center of the Hellenistic world. After Alexander the Great's death, Hellenistic cities (non-Greek cities sharing characteristics of true Greek cities) were thriving cultural centers for a while.