What did the ancient Egyptians call a castle?

Answer 1

The ancient Egyptians did not build castles, but forts and fortresses. Many of these are situated near the Second Cataract, at the border with Nubia to the south of Egypt, and also to the north-west on the border with Palestine.

The word for "fort" was written xnrt or xtm in hieroglyphs, while a larger fortress was written mnnw, itH or sfxy. The word xtm is closely connected with the word for a secure chest or sealed container, indicating the enclosed and secure nature of the fort.

These forts were always built of mud-brick rather than stone, with deep ditches and two lines of walls (the inner wall higher than the outer) with projecting bastions at intervals. Complex gateways were usually closed with inner and outer doors. The garrisons usually included large numbers of archers, since the entire purpose was to cover all approaches with showers of arrows.

Answer 2

Masada is the name you are looking for