Byzantine lost to Seljuk Turks.
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The Greek alliance fleet failed to defeat the Persian fleet in the nearby strait of Axxxxx, which was the reason to block the Thermopylai pass - to force the sea battle.
Roman soldiers were defeated by the Visigoths and Rome was forced to give land to the Visigoths
It continued on for another 150 years until taken over by Macedonia led by Alexander the Great.
The Greek blocking force held the pass while the naval engagement in the adjacent strait at Artemesion began.