Numerous important Ancient Civilizations developed in the Middle East. The most famous two were the Ancient Egyptians and the various Mesopotamian Civilizations (like the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, the Neo-Assyrians, and the Neo-Babylonians, etc.). There were also the Persian and Mede Empires, the Hittite and Lydian Anatolian civilizations, the Phoenicians, the Ancient Greek City States, the Israelites (divided between Israel and Judah), and the Arameans.
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In the classical era the three major civilizations include the following:The Bronze Age from: 3000-1100 BCThe Early Iron Age from 1000-27 BCThe Roman Era from 27 BC-612 AD
The first great civilizations are, arguably, ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. What they had in common is that both were in very arid places (deserts) but centered around large rivers. They used irrigation to turn the deserts into fertile land.
Why are ancient European civilization important? If we are to measure the importance of civilizations, we must ask how we are measuring it. African civilizations are important in many ways that you may not know about. For example the Nubian culture made great contributions through their trade in many natural resources but most importantly in cattle. Nubia was part of the "agricultural revolution" that saw man using animal husbandry and farming instead of the hunter/gatherer society. Egypt gave us the clock, the calender, paper, use of text, the concept of an afterlife, the obelisk, columns, and the zodiac. Egyptian culture was the major force in influencing the ancient Greek culture, as well. For more information, I would also recommend reading about the Kush, the sub-Saharan iron age civilizations, and how important the African civilizations were to trade for European and Middle Eastern civilizations.
I think the greatest ancient civilization was aryan civilization and specially persian . because they offered the first empire and political system to the international community and Cyrus the great was first one who wrote Charter of Human Rights . they never didn't allow romans come to the east . they were greatest