This is an ambiguous question. Body? Roman? Republic? come back and be more specific.
The most powerful body I've ever seen is Julie Newmar, but I don't think that's what you're asking.
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Either the two consuls if you are talking about during the republic or when Rome had an empire in which it would be the king or emperor.
To add a bit here: As a Republic, the most influence on Roman laws, foreign policy, and Finances, were often heavily influenced by the Roman Senate.
As an Empire, gradually the most power began to build up in the "Emperor" period which some historians say began with Augustus Caesar. A point here needs to be made. Augustus at first played the role of a king in a constitutional monarchy. Later he, and the Emperors that followed were more or less dictators.
In both the Republic of Rome and in the Empire days, the Roman military was also a powerful force to contend along the Senate. A Roman Senate that was extremely against any policy proposed or in force by any other part of the governance, was in danger. The details of the titles and powers of the Roman people and the Senate or "head of the government" is a long detailed story.
The Roman Republic (a small city state in the beginning) began in 510 BC when the Etruscan King, Tarqunius Superbus was expelled. Rome then was independent, and began its expansion as a far reaching world power until the the last emperor was overthrown in 446 AD. The span of time here means that "power' had a fluctuating position. One answer covering 900 years will not suffice.
the only time there was someone who had the most power is when they put were in time of dought so they put it in a dictator.
Most people in ancient Rome spoke Latin, but some cities that ancient Rome took over spoke their native language. A lot of people in ancient Rome spoke Greece.
Severus
Checks and Balances
By the terms of the Act of Union 1841 the capital of the new province would be Kingston. English would be the official languages of the Assembly; the united colony would assume the debts of Upper Canada; the Assembly would consist of 84 members - 42 from Upper Canada and 42 from Lower Canada. This arrangement did not set well with Lower Canada as they did not have a debt.
consuls