They followed the policy of their predecessors the Assyrians of exchanging the ruling classes between areas so that the incoming class would be unsympathetic to their new realm, and suppress any unrest. The Israelites sent to Babylon were the ruling class, and took up duties there over local peoples.
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Many different books mention the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in the Old Testament. Look in Isiah, Jeremiah and Daniel for mentions of them. Jer. 21:7 declares Nebunchadnezzar as supreme ruler of Babylon as does Dan. 2:37-38, and Jer. 27: 6-7.
The Chaldeans left us many traditions, but you'll experience one of them every time you check the time, because the 60-minute hour and the 24-hour day are their inventions. They're also partly responsible for the 7-day week (the Hebrews hallowed it, but the Chaldeans used it first) and the 360-degree circle. If you're wondering how their contemporaries, the Egyptians, told time, they used a 10-day week and a 10-hour day with 100 minutes to the hour. About 200 years ago, the French tried to go back to telling time the Egyptian way, but it didn't work out.
egypt, china, babylon, greece, persia, roman
The Persian Empire had 4 capital cities in 500 BC - Babylon, Persepolis, Ecbatana, and Susa.
There are seven great cities in Mesopotamia. The seven cities are: the Uruk, Akkad, Assur, Babylon, Nimrud, Nineveh, and the Persepolis.