The Macedonians introduced an overlay of Greek culture on the peoples of disparate areas - Libya, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Persia and, initially at least, as far as Central Asia and the Indus. Under this overlay continued the previous cultures, languages etc, and there was a progressive reversion to them, with only the aristocracies maintaining the Greek culture. Then came the Roman takeover, and it became even more muddled.
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In the Classical Era, the Greek world was comprised of over 2,000 independent city-states stretching around the Mediterranean and Black sea littorals. In the Hellenistic era, there were several Macedonian-ruled kingdoms - Macedonia, Egypt, Syria, Pergamon and some others which appeared briefly.
Bronze Age Greece: 2800 - 1100 BC Includes: Minoan Civilization on Crete (2800-1450 BC) Mycenaean Civilization on mainland Greece (1600-1100 BC) Dark Ages: 1200-800 BC Ancient Greece: 800 BC - 146 BC Includes: Archaic Greece (800-510/480 BC) Classical Greece (510-323 BC) Hellenistic Greece (323-146 BC) Followed by Roman conquest, and later under the thumb of the Byzantine Empire.
The Classical age of ancient Greece was when the Greek culture thrived.
Democracy had its origins in ancient Greece.
Ancient Greece and Rome are known by several terms. They are called the Greco-Roman civilization, Classical civilization, Classical Antiquity, and probably other titles. Their literature is known as the Classics. The studying of them is known as Classical History.
The beginnings of Ancient Greece are typically located in the 12th century BC (or, BCE), although precise dates are impossible to give. The Greek Classical Age occurred between 500 and 350 BC (or, BCE), followed by the Hellenistic Period until approximately 150 BC (or, BCE) and then the period of Roman domination. The formal end of Ancient Greece is often tied to the closing of the Athenian Academy in 529 AD (or, CE).