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Around the time of the Roman Empire the term inch foot and yard were refined. What was the length of a foot based on?
It is not known when the Romans devised their units of measurements and refined their terms.
The Romans did not have the yard. They had the uncia, which means one-twelfth of a part. It was also called pollex (thumb) and was one-twelfth of a Roman foot. The English word inch comes from uncia and it is also one-twelfth of a foot. The uncia was also one-twelfth of a libra (the Roman pound) and was slightly lighter than an ounce. The English word ounce is also derived from uncial. However, it is one-sixteenth of a pound.
The length of the Roman foot was thought to be based on not a measurement of an actual foot, but a measurement of one's shoe. The standard Roman foot was about 295.7 mm,
The Romans and Greeks referred the foot as as the basic measurement for length while the Egyptians and the peoples of Mesopotamia preferred the cubit. A Roman cubit (cubitus) was 1 ½ feet.
The term "Foot" came when someone measured a standard person's foot. Though it was said it was a king's foot, some feet are smaller or larger than 12 inches. The term "inch" came from the Latin word uncio. The word uncio means, 1/12. And an inch is 1/12 of a foot. "Yard" came from middle English word meaning "rod or staff; yard measure". It is said that it was measured from a man's neck to his finger tips.
The length of a foot was based on the length of a standard person's foot.
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