middle ages
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They believed at that time that their power was annointed to them directly by god. and since people feared god, they feared the kings as they were gods presence on earth.
They had powers over thegd
In Italy most of its city-states ceased to be republics and power was taken over by the personal rule of lords. Most city-states became lordships (signorie). In the rest of Europe the monarchies were consolidating their power. Previously kings were challenged by the aristocracy. In this period the monarchies developed strong central bureaucracies which strengthened the kings' control over their kingdoms.
Through divine right, or in other words the people believed god chose people to become their kings. Strong personality and successful battles increased their power.
yes