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For the most part, medieval people did not rule themselves, but were ruled by kings, through a system of nobility, feudalism, and subinfeudation called the feudal pyramid. Basically, and in a highly simplified description, this meant that the kings told the high ranking nobles what to do, the high ranking nobles told the lesser nobles what to do, and the lesser nobles told the serfs what to do. This system was moderated by the Church, and also by the fact that the feudal obligations went two ways: the nobility told the serfs what to do, but they were limited severely by custom and the fact that they also had obligations to provide land, housing, and protection to the serfs.

Nevertheless, there were people who were self governing. There were independent republics, and probably the most important or well known was Venice. Venice was founded as a republic in 697, and remained so until after the Middle Ages ended. Other cities and communal towns existed throughout Italy and the Holy Roman Empire. Some of these had a sort of primitive democracy, though we might regard them as overly primitive to be called by that name. For example, in some cities, the government was done by vote, but the voters were limited to guild members. In other cities the government was provided by clergy. In Iceland, there were voters, but the right to vote was passed from one person to one person by inheritance or sale, and was limited to only a couple hundred people.

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14y ago

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