The Roman Republic lasted 482 years.
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There were elected officials during the period of the Roman Republic. Their term of office was one year, except for the censors, whose term of office was 18 months.
You have a double question here. If you mean what were the main characteristics of the Roman republic, they were the same as any other republic, that is, every citizen had a right to vote. If you mean who were the main characters of the Roman republic, there's a long list of them. Here are a few. Lucius Brutus, the Gracchi brothers, Marius and Sulla, Cicero, Julius Caesar, Octavian. There were many more in the long history of the republic, the above are just the most famous.
Originally there were two tribunes elected, but by the end of the republic their number had grown to ten.
Many European nations base their law on Roman systems. So do most Latin American countries, which were once European colonies. Roman law has also influenced the Unites States. Many principles of the Roman Republic, such as equal justice under the law, became part of the American system of government.
It was a 1,000 years long.