During the period of the Romans Republic there were five types of elected executive officers of state: the consuls (heads of the Republic and military commanders), the praetors (chiefs justices and military commanders) the censors (who carried out the census, oversaw public morals, managed the roll of senators and commissioned and funded public works) the aediles (who performed many municipal administrative functions) and the quaestors (treasures). They were elected annually, except for the censors who were elected every 18 months). These officers also hired scribes (bureaucrats) to assist them.
During the period of rule by emperors the civil servants were appointees of the emperor who worked in the various offices the imperial administration.
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Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.
Christianity transformed the religious map of the Roman Empire. It became the religion of the masses of the empire in Late Antiquity. Mainstream Christianity (the early form of the Catholic and the Orthodox churches) became the state religion of the empire, whilst other Christian sects were branded heretic and persecuted, particularly Arian Christianity, which was popular around the empire. Catholicism at that time was called Latin or Western Christianity and it was the religion of the western part of the empire. The Orthodox Church was called Greek or Eastern Christianity and was the religion of the eastern part of the empire. The pagan Roman religion did not disappear, but it became sidelined and was persecuted.
The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.The eastern part of the Roman empire was known as the Byzantine empire.
The Byzantine empire was the Roman empire, merely its eastern counterpart.