A collapsed sonet ring refers to a ring architecture where the physical fibers used for working and protect both reside in the same physical bundle or buffer tube. The result of this is that typically in the event of a fiber cut, the entire ring will be taken down.
The Roman Empire collapsed after Christ's death.
After the Roman Empire Collapsed
A rebellion war broke out.
Mongols
Yugoslavia
Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET) have various optical networks. An OC-3 circuit is one of these. The answer is yes, since OC-3 is a product of the SONET architecture.
sonet ring
SONET use RING physical topology and TOKEN logical topology. As simple as that. Logical topology deals with the data transmission. Physical topology deals with how the network is connected physically , BUS, RING, STAR and the like.
fault tolerance
Network+ Guide to Networks answer: OC1
Sonet Film was created in 1984.
Ishraq Sonet was born in 1987.
SDH = 3 times of SONET
Network+ Guide to Networks answer: OC1
The disadvantages of using SONET/ SDH in the metro include: * Fixed circuits. SONET/SDH provisions point-to-point circuits between ring nodes. Each circuit is allocated a fixed amount of bandwidth that is wasted when not used. That fixed allocation puts a limit on the maximum burst traffic data transfer rate between end points. This is a disadvantage for data traffic, which is inherently bursty. * Waste of bandwidth for meshing. Provisioning the circuits necessary to create a logical mesh over a SONET ring is not only difficult, but also results in an inefficient use of ring bandwidth. As the amount of data traffic that stays within metro networks is increasing, a fully meshed network that is easy to deploy, maintain and upgrade is becoming an important requirement. * Multieast traffic. On a SONET/SDH ring, multicast traffic requires each source to allocate a separate circuit for each destination. A separate copy of the packet is sent to each destination. The result is multiple copies of multicast packets traveling around the ring, wasting bandwidth.
A. Its double-ring topology.... try using the book now and again :D on pg325 Network+ 5th :P And for those of us confused and lost, thank you
OC (Optical Carrier) level.