The biggest feature of Roman architecture is what historians call the Roman architectural revolution or concrete revolution. This involved the extensive use of concrete, the barrel arch and the vaulted arch.
Although the Romans were not the first in history to use concrete, they developed a type of concrete (opus caementicium) which was as resistant as modern concrete and which also set underwater (and therefore could be used to build docks for ports, dams, aqueducts and bridges). It was less fluid than modern concrete and had to be layered by hand. It was made by mixing a volcanic rock called pozzolana (which is named after Pozzuoli, a suburb of Naples) with lime and adding rubble from stones, bricks or pottery shreds as aggregates which added body to it. Concrete had technical and practical advantages. It was exceptionally strong and could span great distances when shaped into arches, vaults and domes as it could be moulded. It was layered into a formwork and it took the shape of its container. It did not require skilled labour and therefore was cheaper. It was much faster for construction than laborious masonry walls. It was safer because concrete-vaulted roofing was fireproof, unlike the wooden-beamed roofs of traditional construction methods.
With this revolution the potential of the previously little used arch, vault, and dome was fully exploited for the first time. The Etruscans are said to have invented the simple (barrel) arch. The oldest example of the vaulted arch has been found in the Greek city of Pergamon (in western Turkey). The vaulted arch came into two forms: the groin arch was formed with two to four intersecting barrel arches and the rib arch, where the intersecting barrels were not of the same diameter. The Romans were first to fully appreciate the advantages of the arch and the vault. The arch has a strong load- bearing capacity. The vault has an even greater load bearing capacity and its structure is suited to support large roofs. Their construction in concrete made them easier to build and even stronger. This led to the use larger and monumental arches and vaults on a grand scale. However, the Romans did not abandon masonry arches and vaults.
Concrete and the arch and the vault were the three elements which enabled the Romans to go beyond the use of Greek methods of enclosing space by the use of cut-stone and post-and-beam or post-and-lintel structures. They became essential for large buildings and roofs. They were used to build large buildings, such as basilicas (public buildings) amphitheatres (arenas), theatres, baths, circuses (racing tracks) domes, forts and fortifications, bridges, aqueducts, and dams. They also made it possible to build bridges which were much longer than before and could cross much wider rivers and valleys.
To inspire people to look upwards towards heaven
Monumental is anything large and there are numerous examples of monumental Roman architecture. The Colosseum and the Pantheon are two examples, as are the various arches such as the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Constantine. The remains of Hadrian's villa and Hadrian's tomb also would fall into the monumental category.
Spanish medieval architecture was Gothic, with high arches and a lot of stained glass in the churches, and a feel of airiness. This was true through the entire late Middle Ages, though the period can be broken down into several distinct Spanish styles. I have added a link below.
Romans aqueducts had arches when the water conduit was placed on top of arched bridgework. This was done when the aqueduct crossed a river or a valley or when a gradient was needed to keep a gradient to keep the water flowing in flat areas. Romans aqueducts consisted mostly of underground conduits.
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Some say columns while others say pyramids, but I say that arches have been the greatest contribution to architecture.
Some say columns while others say pyramids, but I say that arches have been the greatest contribution to architecture.
Pointed arches is not a feature of Romanesque architecture. Romanesque architecture is characterized by semi-circular arches, thick walls, and small windows. Pointed arches are a signature element of Gothic architecture.
arches and domes
Romanesque Architecture
Roman Architecture is responsible for the use and development of arches. However, we now know that arches were in use in Africa and Egypt prior to roman empire
The arc architecture style is an imitation of Roman arches.
A flying buttress is not a feature of Romanesque architecture.
Colonnade
Gasolin'
Greek architecture influenced local architecture in a few ways. This is because the Greeks started to use arches and a different way of building.
Romanesque