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Why did more centralized kingdoms develop in some parts of Europe and not in others?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Different kingdoms had different conditions. Some were perfect for feudalism, and others were feudalism was not needed or desirable.
Feudalism is a system that develops where the central government is weak. The weakness of the central government means that it is not possible to raise an army efficiently when the country is threatened, and it is not possible to maintain an army that can meet a local threat quickly. Feudalism provides a system where local lords, who owe their power to the monarch, can maintain local military for the purpose of meeting local threats, and can be called to provide support in a national crisis. Through the system of subinfeudation, which builds a pyramid of power and obligation, this can be extended from the king to the level of the village and manor.
There were parts of Europe where the central government was strong enough that feudalism was unnecessary. The Byzantine Empire did not need it because its government was inherited directly from ancient Rome, and had the authority of ancient Rome. At the other end of the spectrum were governments in Britain of the Early Middle Ages, and of Spain of the period of the Reconquista, which were small enough that the monarch could be a central authority of sufficient power not to need a structure for decentralization. Italy was much the same as Britain and Spain, except that the power was often in the hands of groups of people, as in the republics.
By contrast, France and the Holy Roman Empire were too big for a weak central government to operate without the feudal pyramid. Neither was England, after the Norman Invasion, because of opposition to the central government by the population. In France and England, the feudal system operated through successive levels of the nobility. In the Holy Roman Empire, the land was divided into countries that were constituent parts of the Empire, so many parts were governed by kings, dukes, and counts palatine.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
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