Yes, they did.
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The US Senate fail to support Wilson after World War 1 by refusing to allow America to enter the League of Nations. The reason cited was Wilson's failure to involve the senators in the planning and negotiations.
Winston Churchill
It didn't fail. By 1940 they had France and had taken over Paris.
The French lost in the first Indochina war because they underestimated the power of the Viet Minh. They went into it thinking they would crush a small rebellion but they were met with a decently trained military force they they hadn't anticipated. They were also not used to the type of guerrilla warfare that the Viet Minh were using.
Because the Union had declared a reason that fighting the South was for the ending of slavery. This stopped the French and British from helping the South because they didnt want to fight in another nation's war for moral reasons or for the ending of slavery.