The French lost in the first Indochina war because they underestimated the power of the Viet Minh. They went into it thinking they would crush a small rebellion but they were met with a decently trained military force they they hadn't anticipated. They were also not used to the type of guerrilla warfare that the Viet Minh were using.
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Because they could not with stand helping a country that they are not familiar with.
The French had fought there from 1946 to 1954; 1st Indochina War or French Indochina War.
The French were defeated in the Dien Bien Phu battle in 1954. They were driven out then.
The defeat at Dien Bien Phu led the French military to surrender their positions in Vietnam. The French left Vietnam, leaving the United States at the forefront of the conflict.
The Vietminh victory caused the French to withdraw from Vietnam.
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