Active sonar was a huge advance. U-boats could run almost silently if needed, so hydrophones were useless at times. ASDIC allowed warships to find out exactly where a sub was hiding, and therefore let them use depth charges. It wasn't perfect, but it presented u-boat captains with a challenge: how do you escape from something that can't be escaped? Anti-sonar coatings made detection harder but not enough to escape location after the convoy or fleet got suspicious.
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What role did airplanes play in the Battle of the Atlantic?
The Texans
The Atlantic Ocean
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Us and the Japanese.