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Where Military Science is concerned, geography and topography always plays a role in strategic and tactical planning and execution. Because of the North's resources, it could afford the slow strangulation of the South reflected in Scott's Anaconda Plan. It had the added virtue of allowing the seceding states to reverse their decisions. The Anaconda Plan blockaded the Southern seaports and sought to capture the Mississippi, obvious geographical features. Grant took advantage of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers in his early campaigns, but commanders also took advantage of railroads which, themselves, took advantage of surveyed geographical features. The South used geographical features for local defense, but really had no Grand Strategic Plan to coordinate the efforts of the various armies, placing most of its emphasis on the defense of Northern Virginia, by default.

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