Because one part of it was the Fugitive Slave Act, which allowed official slave-catchers to hunt down runaways.
This caused an emotive reaction in the North, and caused Harriet Beecher Stowe to write 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'.
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=John Brown (abolitionist)=
The Missouri Compromise of 1850 affected Kansas & Nebraska territories. The Compromise was an extension of the one made in 1820. The idea behind the compromises was to maintain the balance of free states and slave states. Now the statehood of Kansas & Nebraska came into the mix. The consensus of Congress was that left to themselves, the people of Kansas would follow the lead of Missouri and vote to become a slave state. Also, that the people of Nebraska would vote for a "free state". Later events, such as a major conflict in Kansas & the soon to come Civil War would send the compromises into a free fall.
On October 16,1859 in Harpers Ferry, Virginia
Wilmot Proviso caused the conflict between the North and South which later lead to the American Civil War. He made a proposal at Congress which was an extreme Abolitionist stance and polarised the two fractions.
The Compromise of 1850 did not lead to the Civil War. It actually postponed it of happening. It consisted of five part. They were: California would admit into the Union as a free state, Slave trade would be outlawed in D.C., the fugitive slave law was to be enforced by Northerners, Texas would give up much of its western land claims for pensions to pay of state debt, and finally the territory of New Mexico and Utah would be able to have popular sovereignty. In short, they all passed and the Union stayed together long enough for the North to get many of the advantages it had during the Civil War. Many people will actually say that this compromise lead to the north achieving victory in the Civil War.