Total war was used by Sherman, a Union officer, against the Conferderates. Basically, it was war on civilians... he went through towns and destroyed everything so that the Southern army couldn't get to it. It left many with nothing, but helped to hurry the end of the war.
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Grant had General Sherman burn his way across Georgia. This helped by wrecking the Southern economy, destroying farms and railroads, helping to starve the Confederate troops in the field. Grant had also ended the system of prisoner-exchange, so the Confederate armies were badly depleted and bound to run out of manpower eventually. Grant used the railroads to his advantage by transporting troops and supplies.
When operation Anaconda started working and it became more and more difficult for the Confederacy to obtain war materiel from England, the Confederacy discovered its own resources. The Confederacy started building its own factories, steel mills, ironclads, guns, etc. While their menfolk fought, the women ran the farms and worked in the factories. Lincoln and his generals realized that for the Union to win, it would be necessary to use total war. Not only would the Union need to destroy the factories and transportation system of the Confederacy, but the women would also need to have a reason to stop supporting the war effort. The women wound need a reason to stop building and working in factories to support the war.
The north wanted to destroy the Souths economy, that way the south wont have any supplies or anything like that. Also that way, the north will win the war.
The Confederacy did b/c they called for a draft for the army and placed high taxes and tariffs on stuff to raise money for the new government and to help fight the war.
John J. Crittenden supported the Union and opposed the secession of Kentucky into the Confederacy using his popularity as a leader in the region. He also proposed several bills in the congress to help preserve the Union.
The Confederacy needed British official recognition as a nation to help break the Union blockade.
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The United States (referred to as the Union ) had a clear advantage over the Confederacy in the following areas:A. The Union had a standing navy to help blockade Southern ports and provide the ability to move infantry to Southern ports they controlled or fought to control;B. The Union had a standing army. With a larger population then the Southern States, the Union had the ability to field larger armies;C. The Union had a better railway system then the South. This allowed the Union to bring troops to battle areas with speed;D. The Union had farmlands and livestock to better supply its armies with food;E. The Union had a strong manufacturing base to supply weapons and other materials needed to supply its armies.F. The Union, being a recognized nation in the world had the ability to borrow in the international markets;G. The Union had a larger internal tax base with which to raise funds from its large population base and from its farm and manufacturing groups.