Torpedoes, for the most part, during the War Between the States were actually naval mines. They were utilized to protect harbors and river channels. In the 1960's, the sunken hulk of the iron-clad USS Cairo was discovered in the Yazoo River. It was sunk when a Torpedo exploded under the left bow as it patrolled the river near Vicksburg. It sunk in minutes and settled into the muddy river bottom. The hughe cannon were retrieved and some still contained powder charges. The remains of the USS Cairo has been re-assembled and is on display at Vicksburg, MS.
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The spar torpedo was first effectively used to sink ships during the US Civil War (1861). The automotive torpedo was first effectively used in the Russo-Turkish War (1877). The first major use of self propelled torpedoes (automotive torpedoes) was the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). All torpedoes mentioned above were launched from torpedo boats or torpedo boat destroyers.
Chloroform was used to as an anesthesia during the Civil War.
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Technology took made many improvements during the Civil War. The guns went from smoothbore muskets to rifles that used minie balls. The Civil War also saw torpedoes, submarines and Gatling guns.
Submarines used torpedoes in anti-shipping roles hoping to cripple the enemies ability to supply and reinforce points of conflict as well as to hamper the enemies economy .