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In the opening year of the American Civil War (that is, 1861), the Northern "climate" may be generally considered to have gone through two very distinct phases. For the first half of the year, the general feeling throughout the North was positive and confident: a quick victory over the "Johnnies" of the South was anticipated. In the second half of the year, after suffering defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, this general feeling degenerated into a more sober (even realistic) sense that the war just begun would not end quickly -- nor easily.

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10y ago

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