In the opening year of the American Civil War (that is, 1861), the Northern "climate" may be generally considered to have gone through two very distinct phases. For the first half of the year, the general feeling throughout the North was positive and confident: a quick victory over the "Johnnies" of the South was anticipated. In the second half of the year, after suffering defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, this general feeling degenerated into a more sober (even realistic) sense that the war just begun would not end quickly -- nor easily.
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No, the North had a larger amount of railroads and a substantially larger amount of water ways in the year 1861.
Lincoln served from 1861 to 1865; Johnston from 1865 to 1869. Grant took office in 1869. (The war ended in 1865.)
Civil War 1861-1865
During the civil war, it lasted for a couple of hours. It occurred on August 10, 1861.
General winifield Scott