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Southern states left the union because of the attack at Fort Sumter and because the secession began.
South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisianna, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
In 1863, four slave states remained in the Union. These were Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution made slavery illegal in all the states in 1865.
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri were four slave states that did not secede from the Union. West Virginia, another slave state, seceded from Virginia and joined the Union during the Civil War. it was 4 that didn't secede from the union.
The North was called the Union because it represented those states that remained in "union" together as the Unites States, and because it was fighting to preserve that union by keeping the rebellious Southern states from leaving it.
Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland were border states that remained in the union but still allowed slavery. The state legislatures of Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland voted to remain. Missouri voted to leave the union but union troops stormed the state capital and installed a pro union government to insure they remained with the union. Prior to the Emancipation Proclamation captured slaves were returned to their masters in Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland and in fact there are records of the Union Army conducting slave auctions in the border states.
Delaware Maryland