The blockade efforts of the Union were successful as possible. This was because naval operations at the time did not have modern tools such as radar. A good number of trading ships eluded Union blockades. It greatly diminished Southern trade but it could not shut it down completely. This was no surprise to the Union navy.
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Because the Union hoped that by creating a blockade on the ports, the South would be unable to trade, and their economy would be ruined.
Because the South had no manufacturing industry, so it needed foreign imports. But it also had no Navy to combat the Union blockade.
the naval blockade of the South
The South used small, fast ships called blockade runners to outrun the longer Union warships and reach trading ports.
The Union Plan to blockade the South and to deny it access to world commerce.