If you are referring to the period of colonization and colonialism, certainly one of the first was the United States of America, which declared its independence from England in 1776; the Americans fought and won the Revolutionary War (1775-1781). Another early country to declare independence was Haiti, which gained its freedom from France in 1804.
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After WWI, new countries were formed. Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, and Finland gained independence from Russia. Poland reappeared. Austria-Hungary dissolved into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. The Ottoman Empire dissolved into independent Turkey and British and French mandates (Syria, Transjordan, others).
Germany lost a lot of land and rights and adjacent countries gained land and some new countries gained independence. Germany lost a lot of people and I dont think anyone gained people.
The country that gained their independence after the first Balkan War is Albania. They got their independence from the Ottoman Empire.
It wasn't about independence it was about states rights.
Argentina gained Independence from Spain in 1810.
Germany