Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
There was no official treaty signed, but Japan surrendered, and Germany collapsed.
communism and democracy
What war was the result of militarism and nationalism in later nineteenth and early twenthieth centuries
The U.S. entered World War II as a direct result of the bombing, by the Japanese, of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire.
The collapse of the Soviet Union and a softening of communist governments world-wide.
The Ottoman Empire collapsed follwoing its participation in WW1.
The Czar and the Russian government
Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)
Fewer manufactured goods were produced after the war.
There are a couple errors with the question. The Turkish Republic (not empire) westernized after the Ottoman Empire collapsed in World War I (not II). The individual, though, that you are looking for is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
Germany lost territory to a newly-formed Poland. They also lost the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. The Austria-Hungarian Empire completely collapsed, as did the Ottoman Turkish one.
World War 2 and the Holocaust was the result.
Cold War
to conserve materials
If a trench or bunker collapsed, that was quite possible.