The role of the South Vietnamese government was to become a self reliant free country that emulated other free world democracies, and the US government's role during the cold war, was to support such free societies.
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That was quite complicated. After French troops were defeated in the battle of Dien Bien Phu in May 7, 1954, the Geneva Conference (which had been held before) came to an agreement known as the Geneva Accords. In this this set of treaties, France and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam both agreed to withdraw their troops to different parts of the country (Vietnamese forces to the North, and French troops to the South). After that, French army would retreat completely from Vietnam and two regions would unify in an election. However, U.S. government later refused to follow that schedule because they had never signed the Accords. They set up a pro-America government with Ngo Dinh Diem as president in South Vietnam while communists still controlled the North. To conclude, it was France, America and, ironically, Vietnam (didn't know what it was doing) who divided Vietnam.
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