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The Union ship was the Monitor. The Confederate ship was the Virginia, built from the hull of the wooden Merrimac.

The Union Navy had multiple types of ironclads, most notably the monitors for coastal and river operations. They also had a small number of Mississipi river ironclads, and a smaller number of lightly-armored ships called tinclads. The Confederacy had only shore batteries and a single river ironclad (CSS Arkansas) to oppose them. The USS New Ironsides was the most powerful Union ironclad: an ocean-going warship more on a par with the British ironclad HMS Warrior and the French Navy's Gloire. After USS Monitor fought the CSS Virginia at Hampton Roads, more monitors were built, and the name also lent itself to later British warships of WWI and US monitors of the Mekong River in Vietnam. In the case of the original USS Monitor, the term ironclad is almost a misnomer, as the ship was an iron raft with only a wooden main deck. Later monitors had a more conventional wooden boat-shaped hull on which the iron armor was supported, and other improvements. The revolving armored gun turret of the montors became a staple of warship design which had persisted to the present day. The original USS Monitor was designed and named by John Ericsson who had earlier invented the screw propeller, and the name was used to identify subsequent warships of this type.

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14y ago

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