If your referring to WWII it's Adolf Hitler.
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The current German Chancellor is Angela Merkel.
She is the German chancellor.
Alistair Darling is no longer the Chancellor of the Exchequer (as of 2010). It is now George Osborne.
Führer is the German word for Leader. Hitler got the title of the Führer or Leader of the Nazi party in 1920. In 1934, shortly before the President of Germany died, the German Congress passed a new law which said that in the event of the death of the President, the offices of the Chancellor and the President would be combined and the holder of both offices would be known as Der Führer. According to German law, the Chancellor of Germany succeeded the President because there was no Vice President. There was a Vice Chancellor who succeeded the Chancellor under the German law, but under the new law there was no Chancellor.
In a technical sense, Hitler was the Chancellor of Germany. This made him the head of state. But he is remembered primarily as a dictator and his title when he was in full control of the country was Fuhrer which means "Leader.".