Yes, but unlike the Vietnam War, snipers in the Civil War were often referred to as Sharpshooters.
In the years following World War II, the countries of communist Eastern Europe were often referred to as being "behind the iron curtain." These countries were perceived as a single region based on.... Economic and political characteristics.
U.S. Army installations are usually referred to as "posts." Air Force & Navy installations are referred to as "bases." Therefore, facilities within an Army post would be referred to as "Post Exchange", "Post Theater", etc. Facilities within a Naval or Air Force base would be referred to as "Base Exchange", "Base Theater", etc. Army posts often have "Fort" in the name, although other terms, including "Camp" are used ("Camp" is also used by the Marine Corps).
Duration camps during World War 2 were used to house threats to national security and captured enemies. Duration camps are often referred to as refugee camps.
Often referred to as "The Austrian Hymn", composed by George Frederich Handel and appears in the Church of Ireland Hymn book as "Glorious things of thee our spoken, Zion ciity of our God".
Romans
Yes, the Chinese emperors were often regarded as semi-divine figures and were worshipped as "Sons of Heaven" with a mandate to rule. They were believed to have a special connection to the heavens and to possess divine power. However, not every emperor was worshipped as a god and the degree of deification varied throughout Chinese history.
The so-called Crisis of the Third century was caused by repeated attempted invasions of parts of the Roman Empire across its vast frontiers. The Roman army managed to stave them off, but often with difficulty and came under great strain. This led to a period of military anarchy. Most of the emperors of this period were men of humble origin who had raised through the ranks of the military and were proclaimed emperors by their troops. The turnover of emperors was quite rapid. Many emperors were murdered by soldiers, sometimes even by their troops who had proclaimed them emperors. There were also 35 usurper emperors who challenged the incumbent emperor and were proclaimed emperors by their troops or set up breakaway rule in parts of the empire. A Syrian queen also established a breakaway empire in Syria and Egypt. The emperor Aurelian managed to restore the unity of the empire and to ward off the invasions.
Depending on the era you are referring to, many post-republic emperors were often regarded with titles such as Caesar or Holy Roman Emperor. At least, those are the English translations, they were literally referred to using the Latin language
The Hily Roman Empire was a hotchpotch of nearly two hundred states many of which, such as city-states and bishoprics were very small. They all cherished their autonomy. The princes of the big states and the church were very powerful and often opposed the emperors. Moreover, the emperors were elected by seven Prince-Electors led by the bishop of Mainz whoi was th Archchancellor of Germany.
The incumbent emperor chose his successor. However, from the third century onward, emperors were often military commanders who were proclaimed emperors by their troops as the imperial system became less stable and the army acquired great political power.
As the empire rose, Byzantine emperors and the pope often clashed. Byzantine emperors took interest in religion and considered themselves the final authority on religion issues while popes, however, insisted that they had ultimate say on such matters. (insisted they had a "say-so" a.k.a. "opinion" on the situation.) In 1504, this led to schism. # How did schism effect the Christian church? Resource: 7th grade history book
As the empire rose, Byzantine emperors and the pope often clashed. Byzantine emperors took interest in religion and considered themselves the final authority on religion issues while popes, however, insisted that they had ultimate say on such matters. (insisted they had a "say-so" a.k.a. "opinion" on the situation.) In 1504, this led to schism. # How did schism effect the Christian church? Resource: 7th grade history book
At times the imperial guard at times staged coup d' etat. A couple of times they even sold the title of emperor to the highest bidder. They could also be corrupt. During the third century, the legions often proclaimed their commander as emperors. They also murdered incumbent emperors. Some emperors increased the pay and the bonuses of the soldiers to gain the favour of the army. This, combined with the large size of the army eventually led to the state being barely ably to fund the army. It also led to heavy taxation regimes which were resented by the people.
At times the imperial guard at times staged coup d' etat. A couple of times they even sold the title of emperor to the highest bidder. They could also be corrupt. During the third century, the legions often proclaimed their commander as emperors. They also murdered incumbent emperors. Some emperors increased the pay and the bonuses of the soldiers to gain the favour of the army. This, combined with the large size of the army eventually led to the state being barely ably to fund the army. It also led to heavy taxation regimes which were resented by the people.
No Roman emperor was considered the last god. The Romans often deified their emperors after their death, though many were not. The last emperor to be associated with divinity was Julian the Apostate. He was the only pagan emperor after the reign of Constantine the Great. All other emperors were Christians. Julian tried to revive traditional pagan practices, both Roman and non-Roman. Livianus in his epitaph said that many pagans "have set him beside the images of the gods and honour him as they do the gods ... he literally ascended to the gods and received a share of their power from him themselves." However, the next emperor, a Christian, did not deify him.
They were called empresses, and they did exist. They existed, however they did not have the power that emperors did. They did have a say, and their wishes did impact (depending on who ruled during the time, during the Han dynasty, empresses especially had a lot of power as well as eunuchs) decisions, however they typically were not "the deciders." They could often suggest things, and often it did affect decisions, however it was not necessarily always the final decision.