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The most serious disagreement in the debate between large and small states at the Constitutional Convention was the issue of representation. Small states feared that their voices would be lost if representatives were chosen based on population, while big states didn't think it was fair that the small states would have as much influence as they had.
the New Jersey Plan
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 accomplished a great deal during the first days of the event. First of all, George Washington was unanimously voted in as the first President of the United States. Next they developed a framework for the separation of government powers that resulted in the executive, legislative and judicial branches.
The Constitution solved the large state versus small state problem by establishing a bicameral legislature, with all states being equal in the higher house and small states having an edge in the lower house. It also helped by establishing the electoral college for electing presidents.
The Great Compromise, aka the Connecticut Compromise, was the deal reached at the Constitutional Convention dealing with how to have representation in the legislative branch. Big states wanted more seats, so they were for having representation based on how much population a state had. Small states wanted it to be equal. SO, the compromise was to have TWO legislative bodies... now known as the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House is based on population, so it favors big states like California.... The Senate is equal, so small states like Rhode Island are really more powerful in this one.